＂拆译法＂在科技英语汉译时的应用

科技英语文献句子一般较长，包含许多信息。汉译时，如果应用语法分析和逻辑判断的手段，对原文的各个意思层加以分析解，能使译文更加体现汉语的特点。我们称这种化整为零的翻译技巧为"拆译法"。例如：

1、The very short wave lengths of ultrasound make a great difference in what ordinary sound waves caves waves can do. 超声波的波长极短，其功能与普通声波相比大不相同。（带定语的名词性短语拆译）2、Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（介词短语拆译）3、This development is in part a result of experimental studies indicating that favorable alterations in the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption may reduce ischemic injury and that reduction in after load may be associated with improved cardiac performance .从某种程度上讲，这方面的进展是实验研究的结果。实验研究表明，心肌耗氧量的决定因素的改善可减轻局部缺血性损害，并且，负荷的减轻也能改善心肌功能。（介词短语拆译）4、He placed a resistor in parallel with the other only to make the current become greater.把一个电阻与另一个并联，反而使电流变得更大了。（不定式短语拆译）5、The research work is being done by a small group of dedicated and imaginative scientists who specialize in extracting from various sea animas substances that may improve the health of the human race .一群人数不多的专心致志并富于想象力的科学家正在进行这项研究工作，他们专门研究从各种海洋动物中提取能增进人类健康的物质。（从句拆译） 拆译时，精心安排译文的语序是很重要的，其具体做法可归纳为四个字：顺，逆抽，调。例如： 1、顺原文语序拆译：Not until 1632 did Europeans find a successful treatment for the disease, when the Spanish discovers of one of the trees growing there often ended Indians of Peru that the bark of one the trees growing there often ended a patient's attack of malaria. 直到1632年，欧洲人才找到这种病（指疟疾）的成功疗法。这一年，发现新大陆的西班牙人从秘鲁的印第安人那里了解到当地的一种树皮常能治愈病人的疟疾发作。 2、逆原文语序拆译：Mot complete and accurate reporting of dengue hemorrhagic fever was recommended by a technical advisory group which met in the WHO Region Office the Western Pacific in Manila from 6 to 8 December 1978 .1978年12月6日至8日，在马尼拉召开的世界卫生组织西太平洋地区办事处会议上，一个技术顾问组就登革出血热问题作了较为全面而且精辟的发言。 3、抽拆原文中间成分作为译文的句首：Give fluid orally or parenterally as necessary to prevent dehydration.必要时，口服或不经肠道补给液体，以防止脱水。 4、穿插拆译，综合调整译文语序：Despite the impressive laboratory and other research facilities at IARC's modern 14-story headquarters on the outskirts of Lyons, only a fraction of the 32 scientists,42 technicians and staff of 60 representing more than 20 countries can be found there at any given time. The rest are out in the field conducting epidemiological studies on five continents.IARC(国际癌症研究机构)总部设在里昂近郊，是一幢十四层高的现代化大厦。虽然它拥有给人印象深刻的实验室和其他各种科研设施，但不管在任何时候，你在那里都只能看到代表着20多个国家的32名科学家、42名技术人员和60名职员中的一部分。其他人员都在 洲实地进行流行病学研究。 拆译时须注意以下两个问题： 1、当拆则拆，当合则合，不可硬行拆分，否则效果不好。例如：To cure cancer, it is, however, necessary for the medical personnel as well as the patients first to criticize the erroneous idealist view that regards malignancy as "incurable" so as to build up confidence in fighting and eradicating cancer and gain better therapeutic results.原译：治疗癌肿，必须首先在医务人员和病人中批判错误的唯心主义观点，即：把癌视为"不治之症"的观点，以树立信心，战胜和消灭癌肿，并取得更好的疗效。原译者将原文中that regards malignancy as "incurable" he in fighting and eradicating cancer 这两个成分进行了拆译。从汉语的习惯看来，这种拆译反而使译文在语气上有些不连贯，结构上 也有点松散，因此不如不拆为好。试改译如下：治疗癌症，首先必须在医务人员和病人中批判那种视癌症为"不治之症"的错误的唯心主义观念，以便帮助人们树立战胜和消灭癌症的信心，争取更好的疗效。 2、正确把握始拆点，严格按汉语的表达习惯来组织句子，否则，可能造成译文结构紊乱。例如：The World Health Organization is helping national governments to get rid of malaria before resistance among the mosquito population becomes so great that new poisons will have to be found to replace those in use at present.原译：世界卫生组织正在帮助一些国家的政府，争取在蚊子的抗药性变得过大之前把疾扑灭，以致将来不得不寻找新的杀虫药来代替目前正在使用的药物。原译文采用的基本上是顺拆的手法，译者将so great that...这个习惯搭配进行了拆译，致使译文有些前后矛盾。既然"在……之前"已把疟疾扑灭，何必待将来再去寻找新的杀虫药。如果将始拆点定在before re sistance。。。这里，先叙述蚊子的抗药性，再提出全句的其他成分，或许更好些，试改译为：蚊子的抗药性正日益增大，以致将来不得不寻找新的杀虫药来代替目前正在使用的药物，世界卫生组织正在帮助一些国家的政府，力图在此之前把疟疾消灭。