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文献翻译：

Chapter 13: Comparative Mental Time Travel: Is There a Cognitive Divide between Humans and Animals in Episodic Memory and Planning?

第13章：比较心理时间之旅：人类和动物在情景记忆和规划方面是否有认知鸿沟?

Introduction:

介绍：

Mental Time Travel (MTT), ability for humans to remember unique personal past experiences and to anticipate and plan for the coming future (Suddendorf & Corballis, 1997, 2007). In order to perform active complex MTT, one must recall in past memory and plan for the future (Schacter, Addis & Buckner, 2008) Previous studies have indicated that only humans can travel mentally in time (Tulving, 1972; Croballis, 1997) but Is that really the case? This field needs to be examined further since it is critical for species to survive and adapt to an environment, (Friedman, 1993), and evolutionary purposes in envisioning future scenarios (Suddendorf & Busby, 2005; Suddendorf & Corballis, 1997; Tulving, 1985), which is also Supported by studies when people are asked to recall memories and to anticipate future event (Rubin, 1982; Spreng & Levine, 2006)

人类回忆自我过去特殊经历，以及预见和规划将来的能力，称为心理时间之旅(Suddendorf & Corballis, 1997, 2007)。要拥有活跃和复杂的心理时间之旅，人类必须回顾过去、规划将来(Schacter, Addis & Buckner, 2008)。前人的研究揭示只有人类才能有心理时间之旅(Tulving, 1972; Croballis, 1997)。但是这是否是事实的真相呢?考虑到物种适应环境的生存能力的重要性(Friedman, 1993)，以及预见未来情景对进化的帮助作用(研究表明当人类被要求回顾过去和预见未来时(Rubin, 1982; Spreng & Levine, 2006)，预见未来对进化具有帮助作用 (Suddendorf & Busby, 2005; Suddendorf & Corballis, 1997; Tulving, 1985)，这一领域还有待进一步研究。

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